Theme+1+WATER

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1.1 River Processes and 1.2 Landforms

A River ERODES, TRANSPORTS and DEPOSITS material along its length from **Source** to **Mouth**

See How a river TRANSPORTS its load by clicking here

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EXAMPLES OF PUPIL WORK: RIVER STORY ACTIVITY

1.3 How do these landforms affect the lives of people in the area?

2.1 Management approaches to flooding
With the rapid increase in world populations and the movements of people to urban areas (urbanisation) river management is an ever increasingly important issue. Added to this the threatsof global climate change and the frequency of major flooding events, river management schemes are crucial if future generations are to be protected from major flooding disasters.


 * The Dilema:** Expensive large scale projects OR smaller, cheaper and sometimes less effective??

Large Scale - Mississippi River
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2.2 Future management
Issues resulting from water transfer in the UK The water industry collects, treats and supplies more than 16 billion litres per day of water to domestic and commercial customers and then collects and treats more than 10 billion litres of the resulting wastewaters, returning it safely to the environment. Supply and demand: Two-thirds of our water comes from surface sources and a third from groundwater. Sources vary by region, and in London and the South East, groundwater accounts for around 70% of the total water supply.
 * [[image:http://www.geographylwc.org.uk/GCSE/Year5/rivergcase/images/waterdemand.jpg width="336" height="379"]] ||

Demands for water are continuing to rise and maintaining supplies to meet these demands is becoming increasingly difficult. With a small decline water usage is still on average 146 litres per person per day.
 * [[image:http://www.geographylwc.org.uk/GCSE/Year5/rivergcase/images/water-use.gif width="396" height="390"]] ||

Over the past few years, several water suppliers have reported water deficiencies within their regions. The reasons for this include: > In the UK an average single person consumes around **165 litres** of water per day. An average family of three uses about **150 litres each** per day. It is necessary to make sure that demand is meet in a sustainable way. This can be done by looking at local ways such as water metering, which can save up to 19 litres per person. Conservation is important and this can be achieved by;
 * Climate change This is now recognised as the single most important issue we face as a global community. With climate change comes more extreme weather conditions, with drought decreasing the amounts of water available, reducing its quality and increasing demand.
 * Population growth and demographic changes The population of England and wakes in 2000 was 59.4 million, by 2005, this had risen to 60 million and it is estimated that6 by 2031 this could reach 66 million. The development of new housing in areas of water stress and a doubling in the number of single person households since 1971 have increased demand for water.
 * Changing lifestyles To this we can add a more affluent life style. An increase in the number of water-dependent appliances, more bathrooms in our homes and other factors have led to greater water use and increased demand for water.
 * having a shower instead of a bath, a full bathtub holds approximately 140 litres of water, a standard shower heads dispense 20-60 litres of water per minute;
 * bath water can be used to flush toilets;
 * a devise can be fitted to the toilet cistern to reduce water use;
 * rain water can be collected;
 * houses can be designed to be more water efficient